Wet AMD accounts for approximately 10–15% of all AMD cases, yet it is responsible for the majority of severe vision loss associated with the disease. Unlike the slow progression seen in Dry AMD, Wet AMD can lead to a sudden and significant loss of central vision.

Wet AMD is characterized by the abnormal growth of new blood vessels beneath the retina, a process known as neovascularization. These newly formed vessels are fragile and prone to leakage and bleeding, which can cause swelling, scarring, and rapid damage to the macula-the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Once this damage occurs, the resulting vision loss is often permanent.

In many cases, Wet AMD develops as a progression from Dry AMD. Over time, the drusen (yellow deposits) that accumulate in the lower layers of the retina may disrupt the blood-retina barrier. Once this protective barrier is compromised, it increases the risk of abnormal blood vessel growth and conversion to Wet AMD.

Early detection is critical. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help slow the progression, stabilize vision, and in some cases, partially improve visual function through the use of anti-VEGF injections and other therapies.