Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a sensitive, noninvasive imaging test used to capture high-resolution cross-sectional images of the central retina, or macula. OCT uses a focused beam of low-intensity, non–X-ray light to scan the retina, measuring its thickness and visualizing the structure of its various layers. This allows for the early detection and precise assessment of many macular conditions. For example, macular edema appears as abnormal retinal thickening, while wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by fluid accumulation beneath or within the retina. Macular puckers (epiretinal membranes) produce surface distortion, and macular holes are clearly visualized in terms of their size and depth. OCT is an essential tool in diagnosing these conditions and is also highly effective for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment over time.