The primary treatment for a full-thickness macular hole is a surgical procedure called pars plana vitrectomy. During this surgery, the vitreous gel is carefully removed from the eye to eliminate the traction pulling on the macula. A small gas bubble is then placed inside the eye to gently press against the macular hole, helping the edges of the retina come together and heal. Patients are often instructed to maintain a face-down position for several days after surgery to keep the gas bubble in contact with the macula, which is critical for optimal healing. Over time, the gas bubble is naturally absorbed by the body and replaced with the eye’s own fluids. In many cases, this procedure results in improved vision, although the degree of recovery can vary depending on the size and duration of the hole. For partial-thickness macular holes or pseudoholes, surgery may not be necessary, and careful observation may be recommended. Treatment decisions are based on the severity of vision loss, the stage of the hole, and individual patient needs.